| 1 |   | Reading the word, reading the world |   | 1 | 
|   |   | Many routes to literacy |   | 2 | 
|   |   | The scope and organization of this book |   | 6 | 
| 2 |   | Multilingualism |   | 9 | 
|   |   | Language and migration |   | 10 | 
|   |   | Languages in contact |   | 10 | 
|   |   | Languages and nation-building |   | 14 | 
|   |   | What is a language anyway? |   | 15 | 
|   |   | Multilingualism and the individual |   | 17 | 
|   |   | Multilingualism and society |   | 21 | 
|   |   | Key points |   | 26 | 
|   |   | Activities and discussion points |   | 27 | 
|   |   | Further reading |   | 28 | 
| 3 |   | Education in multilingual societies |   | 31 | 
|   |   | Languages, politics and education |   | 32 | 
|   |   | Marginalized languages |   | 44 | 
|   |   | Minority languages and majority speakers |   | 46 | 
|   |   | Key points |   | 48 | 
|   |   | Activities and discussion points |   | 50 | 
|   |   | Further reading |   | 51 | 
| 4 |   | Multiliteracies |   | 53 | 
|   |   | What is literacy? |   | 54 | 
|   |   | What are the issues for literacy in more than one language? |   | 54 | 
|   |   | How is biliteracy best developed? |   | 58 | 
|   |   | Key points |   | 61 | 
|   |   | Activities and discussion points |   | 63 | 
|   |   | Further reading |   | 64 | 
| 5 |   | The politics and practice of literacy teaching |   | 65 | 
|   |   | Language, literacy and power |   | 66 | 
|   |   | How do bilingual students learn to read? |   | 69 | 
 |   | More... |   |  |