| Ch. I.1 | | A book in search of a discipline (1801-1860) by Catherine Goldstein and Norbert Schappacher | | 3 |
| Ch. I.2 | | Several disciplines and a book (1860-1901) by Catherine Goldstein and Norbert Schappacher | | 67 |
| Ch. II.1 | | The Disquisitiones Arithmeticae and the theory of equations by Olaf Neumann | | 107 |
| Ch. II.2 | | Composition of binary quadratic forms and the foundations of mathematics by Harold M. Edwards | | 129 |
| Ch. II.3 | | Composition of quadratic forms : an algebraic perspective by Della Fenster and Joachim Schwermer | | 145 |
| Ch. II.4 | | The unpublished section eight : on the way to function fields over a finite field by Gunther Frei | | 159 |
| Ch. III.1 | | A network of scientific philanthropy : Humboldts relations with number theorists by Herbert Pieper | | 201 |
| Ch. III.2 | | O [actual symbol not reproducible] : the rise of pure mathematics as arithmetic with Gauss by Jose Ferreiros | | 235 |
| Ch. IV.1 | | From reciprocity laws to ideal numbers : an (un)known manuscript by E.E. Kummer by Reinhard Bolling | | 271 |
| Ch. IV.2 | | Elliptic functions and arithmetic by Christian Houzel | | 291 |
| Ch. V.1 | | The concept of number from Gauss to Kronecker by Jacqueline Boniface | | 315 |
| Ch. V.2 | | On arithmetization by Birgit Petri and Norbert Schappacher | | 343 |
| Ch. VI.1 | | The Hermitian form of reading the Disquisitiones by Catherine Goldstein | | 377 |
| Ch. VI.2 | | Number theory at the Association francaise pour lavancement des sciences by Anne-Marie Decaillot | | 411 |
| Ch. VII.1 | | An overview on Italian arithmetic after the Disquisitiones Arithmeticae by Aldo Brigaglia | | 431 |
| Ch. VII.2 | | Zolotarevs theory of algebraic numbers by Paola Piazza | | 453 |
| Ch. VII.3 | | Gauss goes west : the reception of the Disquisitiones Arithmeticae in the USA by Della Fenster | | 463 |
| Ch. VIII.1 | | Reduction theory of quadratic forms : toward Raumliche Anschauung in Minkowskis early work by Joachim Schwermer | | 483 |
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