Living Standards in the Past: New Perspectives on Well-Being in Asia and Europe

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Living Standards in the Past: New Perspectives on Well-Being in Asia and Europe

Living Standards in the Past: New Perspectives on Well-Being in Asia and Europe

Yazar	: Robert C. Allen Tommy Bengtsson Martin Dribe
Yayınevi	: OUP Oxford
ISBN	: 9780199280681
Baskı yılı	: 2005
Sayfa sayısı	: 496
Ağırlık	: 0.88 kg
Stok durumu	: Var Stok detayları
Kargoya teslim	: Aynı gün kargo

Why did Europe experience industrialisation and modern economic growth before China, India or Japan? This is one of the most fundamental questions in Economic History and one that has provoked intense debate. The main concern of this book is to determine when the gap in living standards between the East and the West emerged. The established view, dating back to Adam Smith, is that the gap emerged long before the Industrial Revolution, perhaps thousands of years ago. While this view has been called into question - and many of the explanations for it greatly undermined - the issue demands much more empirical research than has yet been undertaken. How did the standard of living in Europe and Asia compare in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries? The present book proposes an answer by considering evidence of three sorts. The first is economic, focusing on income, food production, wages, and prices. The second is demographic, comparing heights, life expectancy and other demographic indicators. The third combines the economic and demographic by investigating the demographic vulnerability to short-term economic stress. The contributions show the highly complex and diverse pattern of the standard of living in the pre-industrial period. The general picture emerging is not one of a great divergence between East and West, but instead one of considerable similarities. These similarities not only pertain to economic aspects of standard of living but also to demography and the sensitivity to economic fluctuations. In addition to these similarities, there were also pronounced regional differences within the East and within the West - regional differences that in many cases were larger than the average differences between Europe and Asia. This clearly highlights the importance of analysing several dimensions of the standard of living, as well as the danger of neglecting regional, social, and household specific differences when assessing the level of well-being in the past.

	Introduction by Robert C. Allen and Tommy Bengtsson and Martin Dribe	1
1	Standards of living in eighteenth-century China : regional differences, temporal trends, and incomplete evidence by Kenneth Pomeranz	23
2	Farm labour productivity in Jiangnan, 1620-1850 by Bozhong Li	55
3	Wages, inequality, and pre-industrial growth in Japan, 1727-1894 by Osamu Saito	77
4	Agriculture, labour, and the standard of living in eighteenth-century India by Prasannan Parthasarathi	99
5	Real wages in Europe and Asia : a first look at the long-term patterns by Robert C. Allen	111
6	Sketching the rise of real inequality in early modern Europe by Philip T. Hoffman and David S. Jacks and Patricia A. Levin and Peter H. Lindert	131
7	What happened to the standard of living before the industrial revolution? : new evidence from the western part of the Netherlands by Jan Luiten van Zanden	173
8	Economic growth, human capital formation and consumption in Western Europe before 1800 by Jaime Reis	195
9	Health and nutrition in the pre-industrial era : insights from a millennium of average heights in Northern Europe by Richard H. Steckel	227
10	The burden of grandeur : physical and economic well-being of the Russian population in the eighteenth century by Boris Mironov	255
11	Maternal mortality as an indicator of the standard of living in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Slavonia by Eugene A. Hammel and Aaron Gullickson	277
12	The standard of living in Denmark in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries by Hans Chr. Johansen	307
13	Short-term demographic changes in relation to economic fluctuations : the case of Tuscany during the pre-transitional period by Marco Breschi and Alessio Fornasin and Giovanna Gonano	319
14	New evidence on the standard of living in Sweden during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries : long-term development of the demographic response to short-term economic stress by Tommy Bengtsson and Martin Dribe	341
	More...

Axess
Taksit	Taksit Tutarı	Toplam Tutar
Tek çekim	-	13358.09 TL
2 ay	6912.81 TL	13825.63 TL
3 ay	4697.60 TL	14092.79 TL
6 ay	2504.64 TL	15027.86 TL
9 ay	1781.08 TL	16029.71 TL
12 ay	1441.56 TL	17298.73 TL

cardFinans
Taksit	Taksit Tutarı	Toplam Tutar
Tek çekim	-	13358.09 TL
2 ay	6912.81 TL	13825.63 TL
3 ay	4697.60 TL	14092.79 TL
6 ay	2504.64 TL	15027.86 TL
9 ay	1781.08 TL	16029.71 TL
12 ay	1441.56 TL	17298.73 TL

Bonus
Taksit	Taksit Tutarı	Toplam Tutar
Tek çekim	-	13358.09 TL
2 ay	6912.81 TL	13825.63 TL
3 ay	4697.60 TL	14092.79 TL
6 ay	2504.64 TL	15027.86 TL
9 ay	1781.08 TL	16029.71 TL
12 ay	1441.56 TL	17298.73 TL

World
Taksit	Taksit Tutarı	Toplam Tutar
Tek çekim	-	13358.09 TL
2 ay	6912.81 TL	13825.63 TL
3 ay	4697.60 TL	14092.79 TL
6 ay	2504.64 TL	15027.86 TL
9 ay	1781.08 TL	16029.71 TL
12 ay	1441.56 TL	17298.73 TL

Maximum
Taksit	Taksit Tutarı	Toplam Tutar
Tek çekim	-	13358.09 TL
2 ay	6912.81 TL	13825.63 TL
3 ay	4697.60 TL	14092.79 TL
6 ay	2504.64 TL	15027.86 TL
9 ay	1781.08 TL	16029.71 TL
12 ay	1441.56 TL	17298.73 TL

Paraf
Taksit	Taksit Tutarı	Toplam Tutar
Tek çekim	-	13358.09 TL
2 ay	6912.81 TL	13825.63 TL
3 ay	4697.60 TL	14092.79 TL
6 ay	2504.64 TL	15027.86 TL
9 ay	1781.08 TL	16029.71 TL
12 ay	1441.56 TL	17298.73 TL