This volume provides an overview of the types of spectroscopic methods in current use for characterization of crystal structure, chemistry, morphology, and excited states of minerals. Its 23 chapters cover topics such as the numerous means of mineral spectroscopy applied to the determinization of composition, purity, interaction with energy, characterization of active centers, and adsorbate interactions. It also addresses the structural and physical properties of minerals associated with chemical promotion of chemical reactions, the storage of electronic energy in most naturally occurring minerals, and spectroscopic means by which biologically deposited minerals can be distinguished from geologically deposited ones.
Spectroscopic Characterization of Minerals and Their Surfaces: An Overview ; Thin-Film Elemental Analyses for Precise Characterization of Minerals ; High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy Applied to Clay Minerals ; Skeletal Versus Nonbiogenic Carbonates: VN-IR (0.3-2.7- m) Reflectance Properties ; Photoluminescence, Candoluminescence, and Radical Recombination Luminescence of Minerals ; Three-Dimensional Thermoluminescence in Minerals ; Induced Thermoluminescence and Cathodoluminescence Studies of Meteorites: Relevance to Structure and Active Sites in Feldspar ; Emission of Particles and Photons from the Fracture of Minerals and Inorganic Materials ; What Excites Triboluminescence? ; ]5]7Fe-Bearing Oxide, Silicate, and Aluminosilicate Minerals: Crystal Structure Trends in Mossbauer Spectra ; Crystal Chemistry, Electronic Structures, and Spectra of Fe Sites in Clay Minerals: Applications to Photochemistry and Electron Transport ; Dissociation and Recombination of Positive Holes in Minerals ; Variable Oxidation States of Iron in the Crystal Structure of Smectite Clay Minerals ; Surface Activities of Clays ; Probing the Surface of Clays in Aqueous Suspension by Fluorescence Spectroscopy of Proflavine ; Multinuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies of Structure and Dynamics at the Interface of Clay Materials ; Near-Infrared Correlation Spectroscopy: Quantifying Iron and Surface Water in a Series of Variable Cation-Exchanged Montmorillonite Clays ; Raman and FT-IR Spectra of the Kaolinite-Hydrazine Intercalate ; Reactive Cr-O Sites: Catalytic Properties of Chromia-Pillared Montmorillonite and Preliminary Study Results